Fuel Gauges :: essays research papers

the is cut and pasted off howstuffworks.com to get an account If you're like me, you like to squeeze every last mile you can out of your tank of fuel. If you could get 20 miles extra from each tank, that could save you two or three trips to the gas station over the course of a year. The main impediment to stretching your mileage is the fuel gauge on your car, which makes you think you have less fuel than you actually do. These devices are notoriously inaccurate, showing empty when there are gallons left in the tank and showing full for the first 50 miles. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we'll learn why our fuel gauges behave the way they do. There are two main parts to a fuel gauge: the sender, which measures the level of fuel in the tank, and the gauge, which displays that level to the driver. First, let's see how a typical sender works. The sending unit is located in the fuel tank of the car. It consists of a float, usually made of foam, connected to a thin, metal rod. The end of the rod is mounted to a variable resistor. A resistor is an electrical device that resists the flow of electricity. The more resistance there is, the less current will flow. In a fuel tank, the variable resistor consists of a strip of resistive material connected on one side to the ground. A wiper connected to the gauge slides along this strip of material, conducting the current from the gauge to the resistor. If the wiper is close to the grounded side of the strip, there is less resistive material in the path of the current, so the resistance is small. If the wiper is at the other end of the strip, there is more resistive material in the current's path, so the resistance is large. In the sending unit, the fuel has to drop below a certain level before the float starts to drop. When the float is near the top of the tank, the wiper on the variable resistor rests close to the grounded (negative) side, which means that the resistance is small and a relatively large amount of current passes through the sending unit back to the fuel gauge. As the level in the tank drops, the float sinks, the wiper moves, the resistance increases and the amount of current sent back to the gauge decreases.

Race or color Essay

â€Å"To live anywhere in the world today and be against equality because of race or color is like living in Alaska and being against snow†. This famous observation of William Faulkner sums up the present attitude of the people towards discrimination based on color. It is hard to believe that a few decades earlier, unimaginable atrocities have been meted out against a particular section of the society just because their skin color was considered inferior. The real life story, â€Å"Warriors don’t cry† written by Melba Patillo Beals highlights the invincible hurdles faced by a group of ten black students just to acquire a basic education on par with the other students. The events narrated in the book from chapter 12 to chapter 20 leaves one stoned about the heartless abuse that these children had to undergo. A separate army consisting of 1200 soldiers is employed to ensure the safety of these ten children on the first day of their school. Despite this arrangement, there is violence and a threat to the children’s lives, thanks to the fanatic hatred of the segregationists towards the black people. Braving all odds, Melba and her friends continue their education in the school, but every day they are tormented with abuses and unfair treatments even by the school authorities. These chapters give heart-wrenching details of the physical and mental violence against Melba and her friends. Even though a few white girls were sympathetic to Melba’s situation, they could not help her because of threats from the segregationists. It is difficult to believe that even the school authorities did not help their cause. They discriminated against her by excluding her from all festivities and events. Even on her birthday, when Melba defended herself from violence, she was suspended for attacking the whites. After reading the horrible and terrifying accounts of Melba, one cannot avoid admiring the grit and perseverance with which she and her friends pursued their education. After reading these chapters, I felt relieved and thankful for the fact that such discrimination is not existent today. The first African-American president of The United States, Mr. Obama is a proof of this advancement.

Essay The War on Drugs - 1347 Words

WAR ON DRUGS Abstract Because of the war on drugs, prison overcrowding is vastly becoming a problem of astronomical proportion, putting a strain not only on the system of law enforcement, but on citizens as well. With studies in DNA and other forensic sciences that can pin point with exact precision the perpetrator of a crime; more and more criminal offenders are being caught, tried, and imprisoned for the crimes they have committed. Many of these crimes are initiated by the use of drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, ice, crystal meth, angel dust, PCP, etc. Along with the success of catching these offenders and sentencing them to pay retribution for their crimes, another problem has surfaced—prison overcrowding. Because of†¦show more content†¦The tracking system can be used from a computer, phone, e-mail or pager. This makes it user friendly. If the criminal decides not to maintain contact through the above devices, then the proper authorities are notified. Because of the need not to buy expensive equipment and the ease with which it can be used this makes this tracking system a viable alternative to incarceration. But these are just the electronic ways to alternative sentencing, other options are still available. Community Service Most community service programs are implemented to first-time offenders. This would show the offender that he or she is accountable for their actions and that illegal activity brings about significantly adverse consequences, with major intervention at the first sign of illegal behavior. Connection in a persons mind between the act and the consequences must be realized. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Several tasks that could be accomplished through community service are: picking up trash along the roadside and in parks, cleaning publicly owned vehicles, painting little league football bleachers, and the maintaining and cleaning of animal shelters. Other programs may include unskilled work for private nonprofit organizations such as churches, goodwill industries, social service agencies, libraries, and schools. These programs would be well organized, effective, and highly monitored. The first-time offenders would learn new skills and enhance their self-esteem whileShow MoreRelatedThe Drug War On Drugs1378 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges. These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarcera tion rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States government led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the War on DrugsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which required all over-the-counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug Enforcement AgencyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Drugs Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to control crime, instead of how to prevent it. Not only is the war on drugs costlyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Drug has been a serious issue in our society and criminal justice institutes due to many problems associated, including the violence, negative health benefits, social disorganization, and other negative consequences. The police agencies have adopted a policy called â€Å"The War on Drugs†, as a response to the rising drug problems. The War on Drugs has popularized variety policies and practices that significantly increased the overall number of drug arrests, and other drug related offenses(TheRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1199 Words   |  5 PagesThere was so much information on this topic of the War on Drugs that I am still wrapping my mind around it. It went into such detail about the war on drugs that are never talked about. We always hear â€Å"just say no.† I know that drugs are a very big problem in our society and even the whole world but I never knew to what extent it really was. I found it very interesting how Johann Hari interviewed these people who were in the middle of the drug war and their stories. It really opened my eyes to whatRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs808 Words   |  4 PagesWhose interests are advanced by sustaining the war on drugs? Police seems to gain a lot by sustaining the â€Å"war on drug†. Drugs are a significant force in police deviance, with as many as half of all convictions in police corruption cases involving drug-related crimes. Corruption in law enforcement, courts, and corrections can be explained through egoism selfish desires for personal gain. In other cases, however, corruption might be better understood as stemming from socially hedonistic incentives;Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe war on drugs is a long going battle and it has created many issues all around the world and as of today the highest prison population can be found in the United States due to drug charges. About half of the inmates with in federal and state prisons can be found on drug convictions. Those charges can range from possession of an illicit substance to drug trafficking that surprisingly continues to be an issue in federal and state prisons. How can United States put an end to t he war on drugs? Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs2027 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased federal spending in an attempt to curb the number of drug users and the sale and importation of illicit narcotics the war on drugs began in earnest. The war on drugs has also played a major role in politics as well as having a significant impact on the economy. While there are many arguments in favor for the war on drugs and an equal number of arguments against it I will attempt to show an unbiased look at the war on drugs and drug prohibition and how it has affected society as a whole. SinceRead MoreWar On Drugs And Drugs1952 Words   |  8 PagesWar on Drugs The war on drugs has come a long way without any remarkable success. America has been dealing with the drug menace for many years to a point that four of its presidents have declared the war on drugs part of their main agenda. Sadly, it has been a lost war in various perspectives. Drug abuse continues to be a daily topic with drug abusers flooding not only the American society but also many countries’ hospitals, prisons and courts. The drug trade has continued to cause violent crimesRead MoreThe Drug War On Drugs Essay2030 Words   |  9 Pagesthe â€Å"War on Drugs† sought to control the sale and use of psychoactive drugs as well as promote access to treatment for those who abuse and misuse these substances (Bagley, 1988; Elkins, 1990). Policies implemented prohibited the possession and distribution of narcotics (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, heroin); the punitive policies, which often resulted in hefty fines and prison sentences for violators, ultimately prompted the emer gence of a black market, more potent and lethal drugs, synthetic drugs as well

expel students for cheating Essay - 1030 Words

Expel Students for Cheating At many colleges, cheating among students is common problem which break down students success in life. Unless it became an educational concern, a strict rule performed to eliminate this issue. Most of the colleges state serious policy beyond cheating which is to expel students from the learning environment. Students should not be expelled from college for cheating. There is no reason to expel students from college for cheating because they will not learn anything from that experience. Also, it influences students, it causes lack of education, and expelled students will be characterized negatively at the college. Typically, expelled students will be not prepared for their academic and career future. Students†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, dismissed students will have negative character within the learning environment around. Students will have restricted relationships with people around in college. Further they will try to preserve their image yet their ethics but nonetheless plagiarizing defrauds instructors and other students of false view toward students who cheated. Those students sense of being discarded, dismissed, and rejected from other students and instructors. As well, feelings of shame will control students; everyone is going to question the reason of their expulsion from the college. Likewise, it hurts students’ chances for finding good friends. As a result expulsion influences students individuality badly and it makes hard to associate with colleagues. Moreover, students who are not in class are not prepared for their academic future. Dismissing students from college influences students educational background negatively and it results students academic failure. Expulsion for cheating consider as an academic violation reported on students official academic transcripts, to illustrate it interferes their ability to transfer to another college. As well, that will prevent students from finishing their colle ge degrees so they will never be accepted to get re-admission. As well, going to college is a chance to develop independence and personal skills through practicing new activities. Obviously education is the key of success inShow MoreRelatedFilm Review : The Hunting Ground849 Words   |  4 PagesThe film I watched was called The Hunting Ground this film started off very interesting. It showed clips of students finding out for the first time they got accepted to the university of their choice. Most of the students screamed of shock and it was obvious they were thrilled. Then a couple girls get interviewed about their experience their first months at that school, almost all of them had the perfect grades and perfect lives. However, these interviews take a twist when many girls getting interviewedRead MoreThe Honor Code System : Is It Only A Void?944 Words   |  4 Pagesrules used by high schools and colleges to prevent the students from cheating, stealing and plagiarizing. The honor code puts the responsibility of maintaining academic integrity on the student’s shoulders instead of those of the faculty. Ideally, this code works well because the students are trusted, monitored and held accountable by their peers. Unfortunately, in reality the honor code is not successful and can actually allow for more cheating. Rockhurst High school is better at preventing misconductRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty At Todays Education System989 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic Dishonesty in Todays Education System One of the greatest concerns in schools is academic dishonesty. Over time cheating has increased drastically for many reasons. As a result of this, institutions have had to enforce strict rules and create honor codes to protect the integrity of their students. Although academic dishonesty has several negative effects, students continue to cheat for reasons such as: unclear guidelines, pressure, being overworked, and lack of effort. Academic dishonestyRead MoreCell Phones Should Not Be Banned904 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially in schools. The cell phones shouldn t be used during school days because it can lead to cheating, texting it makes sounds, and is distracting all this put together makes for an unneeded school accessory. First reason why the cell phones shouldn t be in school it leads to cheating. Cell phones are filled with information and students can use it for poorly. Let s face it the students during exams or quizzes don t remember everything and in the heat of the moment they ll take out theirRead MoreEssay about Eric Hoovers Honor for Honors Sake933 Words   |  4 Pagesthe use of peer review in universities by telling the testimonials of several students who have been hurt by a system that has overstepped their bounds. The majority of the arguments made by Hoover in â€Å"Honor for Honor’s Sake† are pathos based arguments but they are closely entwined with fact. It is this combination of both logos and pathos that creates a strong argument against using peer review to regulate cheating in universities. Self preservation is necessary for survival. It may be thisRead More College Stress Essay766 Words   |  4 Pages Typical November nights in a college students residence include cramming obligated to catch for papers due in December, and exams that lurk around the corner on a topic you felt up on sleep for. Deadlines and due dates are non-existent for students until the night before since the preoccupations; partying and overall good times which lack libraries and study sessions, expel more excitement than the adrenaline rush of a chemistry chronicle or a pre-cal problem. At most schools, the days of dorm rulesRead MoreAgrument on Zero-Tolerance Policy1056 Words   |  5 PagesZero Tolerance for College Students Gladwell stated in, â€Å"No Mercy† (2006), â€Å"this is the age of zero tolerance.† Zero tolerance policies, which are regulations for specific issues such as weapons, drugs, cheating and alcohol, are adopted by many schools and workplaces today. According to a government study, more than three quarters of the schools in America use zero policy to restrict students from misconduct. However, statistics show that there is no evidence proving that bad behaviors get deterredRead MoreStudents Hacked Corona Del Mar High School to Change Their Grades610 Words   |  3 Pagesin California where some students managed to hack into their class teacher’s account. This hacking was followed by an alteration of the grades which was obviously to their advantage so that the system can reflect that they passed the tests. This incident took place in Orange County and the students were learning in the Corona Del Mar High School which is located in the Newport Beach which is loc ated In the Southern parts of California. It is believed that the student used a technique that usesRead More The West Point Cheating Scandal Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe West Point Cheating Scandal Description: In April of 1976 it was found that there was a possibility that over half of the junior class at West Point Academy had violated the West Point honor code by cheating on a case assignment. The honor code states A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal, nor tolerate those who do. This was by far the largest violation of the honor code in West Point history and presented some unusual challenges to the administration. As the year dragged on itRead MoreWest Point Cheating Scandal1605 Words   |  7 PagesWest Point Cheating Scandal Description: In April of 1976 it was found that there was a possibility that over half of the junior class at West Point Academy had violated the West Point honor code by cheating on a case assignment. The honor code states A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal, nor tolerate those who do. This was by far the largest violation of the honor code in West Point history and presented some unusual challenges to the administration. As the year dragged on it was found

Andrew Jackson The Common Person Persident Essay example

In 1767, Andrew and Elizabeth Jackson gave birth to a future American president. His birth, in fact, reflects on his different way of being a president. Known as a ‘common person’ president, Jackson had a very uncommon birth, an unexpected birth at one of his uncles numerous cabins. Jackson also had two brothers who both died unfortunately at an extremely early age. Jackson went on to do amazing things in his life that led to some great accomplishments in his American presidency. Jackson grew up in an Irish community. Growing up, Jackson was very mature and masculine. At a very young age, Jackson’s mom knew that he would grow up to do great things. At a young thirteen-years old, Jackson served in the militia, which shows his love for the†¦show more content†¦Jackson then claimed Pensacola, Florida to which he was then named governor of Florida’s military. This meant that he had two high military positions across the country; Jackson decided to go b ack into his political career by joining the senate again. But soon after this, Jackson’s political career skyrocketed. Jackson first ran for president in 1824. One of the other candidates in the election was John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States. Now, this was the first election to be voted on by the general public, so things were a little new and unclear. Jackson got the most votes by the general public but, when the election went to the electoral college, John Quincy Adams won, making John Quincy Adams the president of 1824. This only made Jackson push even more for the next election in 1829, where Jackson won by a landslide. Some of the biggest accomplishments in his presidency include the Indian removal act, the nullification crisis, and the Battle at the Alamo. The Indian Removal Act moved Indians from their home in the south to Oklahoma because he believed they could not live together with the rest of the white American population. This did not a ppeal to some of the general public and made Jackson a not-so saint-like person. Something that turned Jackson’s sinner-like reputation upside down was the nullification crisis, which stopped the tariffs of 1828 and 1832. Jackson’s presidency was an overall success. Jackson from an early age had a good

Lie Free Essays

Ruby Villainies Moline Miss Kim 10 Semester September/2014 Lying for what? Secrets are everywhere, all around the world going back and forth, you see or heard them everywhere you go. Everyone has secrets, like the government, friends, teachers, including your family; but have you ever considered why do people lie? Why do we keep information? Why do we not speak or say all what we think? And what are the consequences if I lie? People lie because of the fear of the consequence of truth, to appear to be important and to â€Å"protect† others. The reasons why people lie are so varied; now at days the two principal reasons are to avoid hurting the feelings of others or to solve or avoid uncomfortable situations; like when you tell the people you are â€Å"fine† when you are sad or depressed or when you say that you already have a plan when actually you don ‘t want to go out with someone, the common known as white lies. We will write a custom essay sample on Lie or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another reason is to have a â€Å"good† self-esteem or being accepted by others exaggerating a situation (inventing stories) creating a fake impression to the there pretending being some else because she or he does not feel good about his or herself, in fact all of this is caused by the reason that she or he has a low self-esteem and they need to feel that someone worry about them; a good example of this is when you meet someone that doses ‘t want you to know who is he or who she really is, so they lie to you about their-selves. And the last reason is to avoid others of feeling fear or be concerned; like the ones the government says because they need to pep some information in secret, but all of this is bad, at the end it becomes a bad and destructive habit or you get into a point where you can ‘t stop lying, because you need to protect one lie you have said and even if you want to say the true, you can ‘t (it becomes a vicious circle); like Steve H. Said: â€Å"lies grow, they never stand alone, they need more lies to support the first lie. So, if you don’t fess up immediately†¦ It grows like a cancer. It cannot be stopped; however all of this happens because we are not blew to say or hear the truth, we prefer to live on a fake reality that on the real world† When we lie, we are trying to deceive others, when in reality the only person you are fooling is yourself by trying to create a fake reality to Justify your mistakes and our lack of responsibility and actually at the end we end up believing them, a reality that we create. Like I have said, lying can become a destructive habit, it can hurt everyone around, destroy the credibility of the people and create distance between the liar ND the lied, when really think about it, there is not a reason to say a lie because at the end the truth is always discovered and the main reason why you start lying you hurt it and you will end losing. Or example a friend asked you how does she/he looks on a cloth and he/she looks horrible and you lie to him/her because you don ‘t want to hurt him/her feelings and at the end he/she discovered the truth, she/he is not going to believe on you again and you also hurt her/his feelings; so what is the point of lying? At the end the principal person that gets hurt is you; but in the other way you told her/him that she/he looks horrible, the only think that could happen is that he/she gets changed and that is all. Concluding all have said lying is bad decision that at the end the only person you are fooling more is you. So there is no reason to lie in any case, it is easy to say the truth first than then retract whatever you have said and try to regain the confidence of others after losing it, and that we have the ability to solve our problems and / or to adequately handle unexpected events. What happens is that we are such cowards that we decide to go for the â€Å"easy’ and â€Å"secure† side and at the end we end hurting ourselves. How to cite Lie, Papers

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes

Question: Describe about the Plain Packaging on Cigarettes? Answer: 1: Market power or monopoly power can be exercised in those markets where there is a single seller of a particular good and the seller acquires substantial power over the price. In all cases a monopolist is famous for charging high price at the expense of the consumers. In this case, there are two countries both selling a given good at different prices. It is assumed that Country charges high price for the good than the Country B. Here the consequence of monopoly power can be justified if Country is A selling the good in domestic market that is in his own country. The monopoly power in the domestic market can be exercise if it does not have any competitor or strong substitute goods. But if both countries engage in beneficial trade then the consumers of Country A may find that the same good is cheaper in Country B. Then the consumers can import such a good from Country B. so in the international market Country may not be able to exercise monopoly or market power because Country B will ac t like a competitor and thus will be able to capture the market share of that particular good. So for Country A things would not be favourable if trade opened up between the countries and consumers start comparing between the price of goods and make rational purchase of good where the price is low. For example, British Steel exercises monopoly power in the domestic market but faces international competition. This is because with the increase in globalization, the firms need to exercise monopoly power domestically in order to be competitive globally. Thus the notion is not purely correct or not purely wrong but is uncertain. (Economicsonline.co.uk, 2015) 2: The plain packaging law for cigarettes meant homogenous packaging where all branding like logos, trademarks, images etc. needs to be removed. This was adopted for a universal reduction in tobacco consumption. But the effectiveness of such measures is criticized in many countries on that the ground that it did not reduce the tobacco sale rather increased the sale of cigarettes. But the biggest cigarettes makers have a different outlook to this law and they found out that this law can be detrimental to their business. So they opposed the measure and announced that they would take legal steps so as to withhold the law (Australia, 2014). The reason behind such action is that the plain universal packaging might influence the smokers to quit their habit which would reduce sale of their cigarettes and in turn reduce their revenue from it. This would leave the producers worse-off. In 2009, National Preventative Health Taskforce reported that the packaging plays an important role that mislead s the smokers about the detrimental impact of tobacco. Hence, this posed a threat to the cigarette makers. (Tobaccotactics.org, 2015) From the economic point of view, the law could not prove its efficiency. This is because a study show that about 57% of British smoker said that it is difficult for them to quit smoking no matter what the package looked like. This law can also give rise to illegal trading of cheap cigarettes. Smoking has a strong relation with poverty. High wage earners tend to smoke less and the low wage earners smoke heavy. But if this prohibition is taken seriously and people get influenced by it and quit smoking then it can improve the death rates and reduce the epidemics. This overall improvement in health can be depicted by the Human Development Index of the countries which takes the life expectancy rate into account. (Dodds, 2014) 3: The survey by the IMPI revealed that around 70% of the Mexican population engages in consumption and purchase of pirated goods and services. The government has taken several copyright enforcement efforts with the help of the right holders to prevent the sale of pirated products. The impact of such law enforcement has benefitted the country but the pace of the effectiveness of the law was regarded to be very slow between the right holders and Internet service providers. (Karaganis, 2011)The direct impact of penalizing the pirated companies and the internet users is that there operation reduced and the situation or market conditions for the rights holders improved. The law enforcement also helped to stop the illegal trading of goods at cheap rates. (Spink and Levente Fejes, 2012)The economic implication is that the law helped to stabilize the prices of goods sold by the rights holder. In this regard, the elimination of piracy causes demand and supply to regulate and determine the corre ct equilibrium price and quantity. This determined price can be slightly higher than the pirated price but the interest of the rights holder would be improved. (INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ALLIANCE (IIPA) 2014 SPECIAL 301 REPORT ON COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT, 2014) References: Australia, W. (2014).Why plain packaging is reducing the number of smokers in Australia. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/comment/why-plain-packaging-is-reducing-the-number-of-smokers-in-australia-20140624-zsjt9.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. Dodds, L. (2014).Plain packaging on cigarettes: Where does it all end?. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/11261789/Plain-packaging-on-cigarettes-Where-does-it-all-end.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. Economicsonline.co.uk, (2015).Monopoly power. [online] Available at: https://economicsonline.co.uk/Market_failures/Monopoly_power.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ALLIANCE (IIPA) 2014 SPECIAL 301 REPORT ON COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.iipa.com/rbc/2014/2014SPEC301MEXICO.PDF [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. Karaganis, J. (2011).Media piracy in emerging economies. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Spink, J. and Levente Fejes, Z. (2012). A review of the economic impact of counterfeiting and piracy methodologies and assessment of currently utilized estimates.International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 36(4), pp.249-271. Tobaccotactics.org, (2015).Plain Packaging in the UK - TobaccoTactics. [online] Available at: https://www.tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Plain_Packaging_in_the_UK [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015].