Liberalism and Socialism essays

Liberalism and Socialism essays During the Nineteenth Century different ideologies emerged about politics, freedom, business ownership and life in general. Many events were spurred by clashes between supporters of each idea and these clashes forced many people to step forward and support their beliefs. Two of the main ideas that arose from this time period were liberalism and socialism. The fundamental difference between liberalism and socialism can be understood with a review of the each ideology, the historical events and people surrounding liberalism and the historical events and people surrounding socialism. The basic ideas that founded liberalism and socialism are somewhat contradictory. Liberalism is completely focused upon the good of the individual where socialism is focused on the good of society overall. Liberalism was supported by the middle class as they would receive the biggest benefits from political representation, suffrage, civil liberties and a written constitution to protect their rights. Socialism provided the most for workers regardless of class. This was because socialism called for publicly owned property and an economy handled completely by the government. While both liberalism and socialism showed improvement over the monarchies and aristocratic rules, they were not great solutions to the problems facing Nineteenth Century nations. They were however the beginning of civil rights, equality, welfare, the bill of rights and democracy. Many historical events and people are associated with the development of liberalism. Early liberalism arose from Eighteenth Century enlightenment (Spielvogel 589). As the Industrial Revolution emerged thanks in part to the invention of the steam engine (Spielvogel 555), a large working middle class was created (Spielvogel 589). This working class believed that they should be free and their rights should be protected (Spielvogel 589). Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were concerned with the size o...

Divorce Harms Children

Divorce Harms Children Free Online Research Papers Introduction Divorce harms! That is undisputed, to what extent and to what degree is the question we have set out to examine? The research that has been carried out, has been critiqued for biased ness in sampling and later interpretation of data. Most researchers have determined that children of divorce have difficulty forming relationship of their own, are more likely to divorce themselves, are more prone to depression, become less religious and have reduced educational and financial attainment. In short the overall effect is proclaimed to be negative. There are most positive aspects out of divorce especially when there is no alternative option? We will examine these issues in detail and also see what sort of option does parents in conflict have and with what implications. Marital Dissolution The sanctity of marriage as an institution may be open to question as increasing number of children are either being reared by single parent, or being forced with a single parent because of non marital childhood. Children may have an unquestioned right to parental support, be it emotional, psychological or financial – children of separated parents still have these needs and separation creates an indeterminable void that may sustain beyond childhood. Judith (1994) believes that women and men have fundamentally different behaviors visvis marriage child bearing and care of children. Women normally take care of children; take responsibility for them, in spite or despite their existent or future relationships. Men on the other hand, Judith believes, have usually relationship with children of partners they are cohabiting with – this relationship may shear off with partner dissolution. This removal of paternal link may have severe emotional consequences for younger children. The quantum and magnitude of effects has been questioned by various researchers citing lack of evidence or partiality of evidence, yet the negativity of effects has been acknowledged (Judith, 1994). There is an increased tendency (almost twice with children from intact marriages) to drop out from school amongst single parent’s children. Children from broken up homes are shuttled between two entities for custodial rights – those living with their mother are disadvantaged in terms of access to material resources, however research shows that girls living their mother are better adjusted socially than boys living with their mother, further children living with their mother may have reduced financial resources, as family income has been cut and generally women earn less than men. Although happiness does not require money, yet without money – adequate food and living space happiness is again difficult to come by. Although child support payments are mandated by law, these payments are not consistent and adequate and as time pass these payments decrease even further. Causes Conflict between parents affects children both directly and indirectly, as parents may be preoccupied with their own problems and later after the separation, the single parent may be too traumatized to offer solace to the child. There is also evidence that conflict that predates divorce may have negative bearing on children from the earlier time and may continue after the separation. Children’s emotional security is thus affected both prior to divorce and afterwards when out of selfish love each partner exaggerates interest in child welfare augmenting the strain on poor child. The major sources of disagreements amongst the two partners before divorce are money and child handling ways and these issues persist after the break – exacerbated by discordant partners who already could not agree to a single view. This conflict often leads to disengagement from each other and leaving the poor child’s future in a vacuum. Growing children are caught midway between parents who can’t take sides without feeling guilty and end up blaming themselves for inability to manage parents’ disagreements (Judith, 1994). Boys and girls tend to behave differently in post divorce single parent scenario. Boys are more disturbed when father leaves than daughters while daughters similarly experience distress with addition of a stepfather, as this addition may be perceived as pseudo loss of mother in terms of attention and time. Again stepfather addition may surmount to sexual tension for girls in the pubescent step daughter step father relationship (Stephanie et al, 1996). Joan (1998) states that children from broken homes are more likely to suffer from delinquency, drop out of school, use drugs and drink heavily – however sometimes divorce may be the best way out and best solution for children. Divorce effects ripple into all facets of life from education to emotional health. Increasing number of divorce rates are compounding these problems, as divorce rates climb to 50% of the newly married. Society is still providing tacit approval of divorce which entails increasing detrimental effects on the partners and their off springs. The evidence is unmistakable, children of divorce are abused and neglected, these children have problem focusing and concentrating on studies, and finally these children show increased crime adoption and suicidal tendencies. These children are more likely to divorce as they become adults and marry. Interestingly the odds against marriage succeeding become even higher if both parents are offspring of divorced parents (Scott, 2002). These children start seeing divorce as an acceptable solution, even if they have children of their own. When divorce may not be so bad or actually good? At times parents may stay together, ostentatiously for their children, however the conflict and stress may be so great that children end up being victimized and may be hounded by memories of their parents shouting and bickering at each other. In situations that are irretrievable clean break may be advised and for these partners divorce may be the only solution and accost children with the new fact of life and allow children to deal with things as they are not what they might want them to be (Joan, 1998). Divorce experience may be different for different persons E. Mavis says that at least 20% of the divorced women emerged from the relationship, liberated and developed latent abilities that would not have been possible in restrictive or unhappy marriage. Many of these women went back to college, began to work and developed a successful career and essentially became responsible citizens. Many of these women had satisfying and happy second marriages. This was especially true when they moved from an already disengaged partnership or from bullying or acrimonious husband that had weakened their self esteem (E. Mavis, 2002). Similarly some girls do emerge from their parent’s divorce more responsible having learnt from divorce experience how to handle stress in their own lives. Sometimes children are denied the safe environment they deserve, they are sexually and physically abused and professional help hasn’t worked or parent doesn’t acknowledge the problem’s gravity – divorce may be the answer. Children living in homes with domestic violence may suffer long lasting psychological problems, then for child and spouse’s own safety divorce may be the right course of action. Similarly for spouse addicted to drugs and alcohol and who is unwilling to go for professional help separation may be necessary for both spouse and children sake. Divorce is bad for partners and for children but at times it may be better than living in violent, abusive and unhealthy environment. (Gregory, Maybe you should get a divorce) Trauma and Religion Joan quotes Robert Simpson, professor of Sociology, at University of Chicago who has determined that divorce rates in a community strongly correlated and predicted robbery rate in that community he came to this result after studying 171 cities with more than 100,000 people. Further divorced parents’ children have a higher chance of being abused and even remarriage fails to stem the levels of abuse. Besides abuse emotional suffering and trauma of separation may cause long lasting psychological damage in many children – there is also an increased chance of child neglect when parents have split also giving rise to feeling of unwonted. An ancillary affect is weakened relationship between child and his/her separated parents. Scott (2002) quoting Wallerstein says that children from divorce end up having strong negative feeling about their father if he has stopped providing financial support for education and other financial emotional needs. It is common for children from split families to end up blaming themselves for their parents divorce and have a poor self image. Thus these children’s psychological stability is undermined and the effects sustain beyond into children’s adulthood and child’s capacity to live a family life is severely affected, they might have difficulty in forming profound and long lasting relationships. These children may experience sex earlier than on average, have more teenage pregnancies, have distrust for long term relationships and are generally afraid of having children, â€Å"Parents not only divorce each other, they in effect divorce or partially divorce their children†, (Patrick, Robert, 2000). Relationship between surviving parent and child is not as deep after the split as before as the parent is often unable to commit same deep level of emotional; support to his/her child, also the child inherits inability to handle conflict which becomes a hindrance in later life. Children of separated parents may suffer from feelings of inadequacy and rejection which may hamper their judgmental skills with regards to giving and accepting love and intimacy. Religion is considered not only a solace and support but also provides faith in higher being, broken families have reduced religious interaction, even to the point of stopping practice of faith or outright rejection of divine interference. Scott (2002) says that children from divorce are 2 to 2.7 times more likely to reject faith and shun religion than children from parents of married parents. This reduction of faith also removes another pillar of support during times of distress and makes these children more susceptible to higher levels of stress. Belief in divine intervention often helps to shuttle the problems of to divine and having faith and belief and a solution will occur. Faith has also been found to indoctrinate general level of well being and happiness – there is a strong correlation between crime rate and level of faith and worship and further strongly religious persons are less likely to indulge in drugs and alcohol, even better health is a factor of more religious tendencies. Children from divorced parents, according to Bernardo, and who are in touch with both of their parents are caught in a void between two separate sets of beliefs and values leading to an inner conflict or war of the worlds, at times these children may be ambivalent at times traveling in extreme poles but rarely do the two parents belief sets are congruent. During marriage there might have been compromises and harmonization of differences but post separation the two discrete individuals who have stopped reaching out retreat into their own shells and diverge from each other values and beliefs. The poor child who is in contact with both of them has a strikingly difficult job of making sense of two ways of thinking, living and believing. This compulsive conflict may lead these children to impaired thinking, decision making and finding their own identity – they become confused. Hence the child is at a loss whether the divorce is acrimonious, then he/she is struck with discord and in ner strife. If the divorce is amicable then child is laden with addled thinking as above (Bernardo, 2006). Conclusion We have seen that divorce is draining emotionally, psychologically and financially for children and for the single mothers. Children have emotional scars from the tragedy which they will most probably carry over to their next generation. We also saw children from divorce dropping out of school, blaming themselves having suicidal tendencies and turning away from religion. A positive aspect out of divorce may be when separation acts as a release from a binding dysfunctional relationship, when children were abused, when partner was belligerent, bullying alcoholic and drug addict. We have also seen that rather than been living in a regular bickering conflict ridden relationship it is better to separate. In the end one thing is for certain – divorce is on the whole bad for the parents and harms children who are the hardest hit. Research Papers on Divorce Harms ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic Engineering

Johnny Tremain Essays - Johnny Tremain, 2nd Millennium, Time

Johnny Tremain Essays - Johnny Tremain, 2nd Millennium, Time Johnny Tremain Johnny Tremain takes place in pre-Revolutionary Boston. Johnny Tremain is boy who is proudtoo proud. His pride made him overconfident. He pretty much planned all of his life while he was young; he would be a silversmith and marry Cilla. His mother dies when he is fourteen years old. Before his mother died, he was apprenticed to a silversmith named Mr. Lapham. When his mother died, she gave him a silver cup that showed that he was a member of the Lyte family. The cup signifies that he is related to the famous merchant Lyte who was very rich. One Sunday, in order to get a silver basin for Mr. John Hancock done on time, Johnny broke the Sabbath and cast a silver pitcher. Dove, who is very unintelligent and jealous of Johnny gave him a cracked crucible and it spilled all over the stove top and Johnny went to get it but it burned his hand. Mr. Lapham sent out for a midwife to come and fix his hand because they didnt want to get caught working on the Sabbath by a doctor. She wrapped it up together and it crippled and stuck together which meant he couldn't work as a silversmith anymore. Johnnys master, Mr. Lapham, said that he would always have a home there. Soon Mr. Lapham was getting impatient and Johnny knew that he needed to get a job. So Johnny went out to find a job. He had a rough time finding a job because nobody wanted a so-called crippled boy who supposedly couldn't do anything. After searching and searching for a new job, he was offered a job by a boy named Rab who was about his age to deliver the Boston Observer, which was a town newspaper. Johnny became a messenger for the Sons of Liberty, a group of patriots that includes Sam Adams, Paul Revere, and John Hancock. Johnny wanted to get to Lexington, so he made himself look like a soldier and tore open his shirt and smeared mud and blood on his face and body. He successfully slipped past the soldiers and got to Lexington. When he got there, he saw Pumpkin and gave him some clothes to escape and Pumpkin gave Johnny his uniform and a gun. Johnny dressed up and got to Dr. Warren. Dr. Warren fixed his crippled hand by cutting the skin. Johnny later finds out that Rab had been killed in the war. Dr. Warren tried to save him but could not because he had been fatally wounded.

Microeconomics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microeconomics - Assignment Example Moreover, the possibility of allocative, distributive and productive inefficiencies in the manufacturing sector of the People’s Republic of China. The production possibility frontier is the maximum possible level of production that resources within an economy can produce successfully. It is like the boundary beyond which the same economy cannot sustain the production of any products (Jowsey, 2011). The curve bellow can best illustrate the concept of the production possibility frontier. The curve represents the boundary that this particular economy can produce the two commodities A and B. It is the limit at which if the available resources can produce the commodities without strain. Two locations stand out in the curve above. At position x, the resources that are available are not fully utilized. This is mainly because at this point in time, the economy is not operating at a full potential. At point Y, the economy cannot operate because the available resources cannot sustain the production of two products. The economy can be sustained at Y only if there is an economic growth. However, that would still be difficult since there are limited resources that cannot be stretched any further. According to Antonneli (2011, pp 145), the only possibility of this economic growth happening is through the advancement of technology. Efficiency, in this case, comes through technology and the labor cost reduced. However, this growth is nullified with the cost of introducing technology (Jowsey, 2011). This curve therefore is most likely the cap of what this entire economy can produce. Therefore tradeoffs have to be made on which resources to be distributed to which sectors in order to maximize their use. To explain the concept of productive efficiency, consider the graph above. Assuming that the two commodities are not in any way related but, the desire to grow the economy

Macro & Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example The micro and the macro environmental factors influence the market and the marketing decisions. The product of a company considers the differentiation strategies so that the product is accepted by the consumers. Thus, for influencing the market the marketing decisions on the product is important. The price of the product also influences the response of the market towards purchase of the product. This influences the marketing decision for fixing a competitive price. Similarly place and promotion for launch and sell of the product influences the market. The decision on the distribution system of the products enables a smoother access of the products by the consumers. The decision on promotional strategies on the basis of the target customer segment influences the behaviour of the market. Similar to the micro environmental factors, the macro environmental factors like the political scenario influences the operations of the market. Thus marketing decisions should take into consideration the uncertainties of the political factors. Similarly, the other macro environmental factors like the culture of the society, surge in economic conditions, legal constraints influence the market investments. These factors are not under the direct control of the market and hence, the marketing decisions are influenced by the uncertainties associated with the market performance. Segmentation variables to define a market segment The various segmentation variables that need to be considered to define a target market segment are the sizes of the market segments, growth rate of the market segment, suitability of the market segment with respect to the product of the company, access of the market segment by the company and the purchasing power of the market segment. The various market segments are identified based on various features like the demographics, psychographic and the geographic factors. The target size of the market segment is identified based on the suitability of the market seg ment with respect to the product. The growth rate of the market segment is then determined to estimate whether its matches the required growth rate and the future prospects. After determining the suitability of the market segment, the potential access to the market segment is determined by the firm. Finally the purchasing power of the market segment is analyzed to determine whether it matches the price of the product. By considering all these segmentation variables, the target market segment is defined that matches the requirement of the company with respect to the desired features. Different types of pricing strategy The various ways of maximization of profits of the business lies at the cutting of costs, increase in sales and increasing the profits. In a situation where costs are reduced to the limit and it’s difficult to increase the sales of the company, the pricing strategies are adopted in such a scenario. The different pricing strategies are namely, cost plus pricing, market-oriented pricing and penetration pricing. The cost plus pricing method takes into consideration the basic cost of production and then adds a certain percentage to the basic cost to determine the sale price of the pro

A Research on Communication Technologies and Their Applications Essay

A Research on Communication Technologies and Their Applications - Essay Example This usage may include meetings, trainings and other organizational activities. Cliftons (2012) rightly argue that videoconferencing â€Å"overcomes the problems inherent in communications between regional business centres as well as enabling [the management] to keep in touch with key people whilst away from their office.† It is a matter of in-depth research to determine the exact nature of this technology, explaining the principle behind its operation and conferencing process. An excellent resource for videoconferencing as is the case for almost all things, people, places, and so forth is, of course, Wikipedia. This website has detailed information on this technology. However, it is widely recognized that the site is unreliable and is not often recommended by academic institutions as a resource. Nonetheless, the website proved an effective starting ground that informed this researcher’s efforts at investigating videoconferencing technology. The information provided in the website offered insights as to what specific aspects of the technology should be examined and documented. The preliminary research enabled the identification of at least two types of videoconferencing platforms. There is the case of the software designed as standalone application used to communicate with others over the Internet using computers, camera and other tools. For example, there is Windows Live, Yahoo Messenger and Skype. These are popular examples of softwares developed for videoconferencing. Users can download these applications for free or for a fee and they can use it to communicate with others through the web. Using Internet connections, videoconferencing software is installed in the personal computer and it could allow users to make video and/or audio calls with others who have installed the same application in their computers. Skype is capable of accommodating up to ten participants in an audio-video conference. The conference takes place real-time. Some of these tools can accommodate two or more participants, hence, successfully achieving the nature of the conferencing concept. The second type of videoconferencing tool includes those designed to work on Internet browsers. These are systems called web applications and are built by web developers and embedded in web sites. Internet users can login to these browser-based video conferencing platforms. These are also called video chat rooms over the Internet. For example, www.videoconference.com is a straightforward website that lets visitors create video chat rooms easily and immediately. A user can create a video conferencing room and can inform those he or she wants to talk to and directs them to the web address where the video conferencing is to take place. During the 1990s, videoconferencing was an expensive affair and that organizations and individuals were averse to spending huge amount on the technology (Webopedia 2012). Today, however, they are sold cheaply and most of them are offered for free. This fact, in addition to its capabilities outlined above, makes videoconferencing a popular and beneficial tool both for personal and business use. Of course, as with the case of other Internet technological applications, it is dependent on the Internet bandwidth, which may be slow in other countries. This could prove problematic in using the technology to communicate with people from such areas. Geostationary Satellites According to the website, www.reformation.org,

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Immigration - Essay Example For others it will be shown how they feel that immigration has become a looming problem within the country and increases the risk of terrorist activity within America. Overall, my conclusion will demonstrate how the United States has hallmarked itself in the world with invitations to foreigners to enter into our country for better opportunities, and a chance for a higher quality of life, therefore we have only brought the current problems with immigration onto ourselves with no one to blame but our own government. Across the span of time, the outcome of war and conflict has been the vehicle of change for nations and its population. The outcome of regional hostilities directly affects the positive and negative outcomes of established civilizations. Immigration is an element of population change and is defined as the movement of people from one nation to another with the intention of attaining permanent residence during a certain period of time. Immigration is defined as the process of people permanently leaving a nation or region to settle in another for better opportunities, improved life, and to build on their dreams for the future. America has represented itself to other nationalities as a place of peace, hope, and a better life, leaving the invitation open to come and immigrate to this land (Heaney 1977, pg. 15). Therefore, the United States, in reality, has no one to blame but themselves for the escalating problems that are associated with immigration issues today. People immigrate to improve their economic situations, avoid political or religious persecution, or as a result of war displacement. According to the Department of Immigration and Naturalization Services personnel, "American immigration patterns indicate that approximately twenty percent of all immigrants to the United States relocated as a result of war displacement"(Artingstall 2003). In past times, there were three major groups of people that migrated to the United States between 1950 and 2000; the Jews after WWII, the Asians after the Korean Conflict and the Vietnamese after the Vietnam War. Although, recent immigration continues to occur and increase the population of America, the above three armed conflicts have brought new immigration policy changes and the largest amount of immigration movement since 1945. Even so, more recently the immigration problem has been with Hispanics crossing over illegally and also due to the conflict in the Middle East which has brought many Arabs migrating to the United States, enlarging the threat of terrorism in many people's minds. It would seem that every time a war or conflict takes place it has brought about vast changes for the United States. For example, World War II brought about a vast population of people migrating from Europe to the United States. Although, the United States was spared the physical land damages other countries had experienced during the war, many major changes were occurring in cities across our nation. The construction of new factories, military bases and housing created